Comparative Analysis: ChatGPT4 vs Opscidia in Identifying Influential Figures in a Scientific Field.
In the vast landscape of artificial intelligence for scientific research, numerous players stand out in their ability to analyze and extract relevant information in the scientific domain.
In this blog, we will explore how these two tools approach the task of identifying influential figures in the field of electrolysis.
We will examine the results analysis process, how the data was obtained, and the foundations upon which these results rely. Get ready to delve into a comprehensive comparison between two champions of AI-assisted scientific analysis.
Different stages of the analysis:
1. How do Opscidia and ChatGPT utilize scientific data?
We asked ChatGPT4 and Opscidia how they could analyze a scientific ecosystem:
ChatGPT4
Opscidia
2. Opscidia: Key players in the scientific field of electrolysis.
With Opscidia App’s Ecosystem Chart feature, you can select a scientific domain of your choice and analyze the scientific ecosystem based on various criteria such as authors, countries, affiliations, dates, and fields of study…
The chart depicts a steady increase in the number of scientific document publications in the field of electrolysis between 2013 and 2023. The number of publications grew from less than 1000 in 2013 to over 8000 in 2023, marking an eightfold increase over a decade.
The chart indicates that the field of electrolysis has experienced remarkable growth, especially from 2019 onwards, where the number of publications increased exponentially.
The graph suggests that the field of electrolysis is rapidly expanding, with enormous potential to contribute to the energy transition and the decarbonization of the economy.
This bar chart illustrates the number of articles published by different authors in the field of electrolysis. Here are some key points to note:
Ibrahim Dincer is the most prolific author, with over 120 articles on electrolysis to his credit. He is a professor at the University of Ontario, and his research focuses on renewable energies, hydrogen, and fuel cells.
Manuel A. Rodrigo and Lei Wang are the second and third most productive authors, with approximately 80 and 60 articles on electrolysis, respectively.
Manuel A. Rodrigo is a professor at the University of Castilla-La Mancha, specializing in environmental electrochemistry and water electrolysis. Lei Wang is a professor at Beijing University of Technology, and his research interests include alkaline electrolysis and proton exchange membrane electrolysis.
- Other authors, such as Wei Han, Cristina Sáez, Katherine E. Ayers, Detlef Stolten, Toshiyuki Nohira, and Ming Chen, have a similar number of articles, which are significantly lower than those of Ibrahim Dincer. They are all recognized experts in the field of electrolysis, with diverse affiliations and different areas of specialization.
This chart illustrates the distribution of the number of articles published by countries in the field of electrolysis between 2018 and 2023, according to Bing AI data. Here is my analysis and comments:
- China is the undisputed leader in electrolysis research, with over 45,000 publications on electrolysis. This represents approximately 60% of the total articles published in this field.
The United States is the second most active country, with approximately 15,000 publications on electrolysis. This accounts for approximately 20% of the total articles published in this field.
Other countries, such as Germany, the Republic of Korea, Japan, India, Canada, the Russian Federation, France, and Spain, have a much lower number of published articles on electrolysis, ranging from 500 to 3000. This represents approximately 20% of the total articles published in this field.
The chart depicts the number of articles published in the field of electrolysis by various universities worldwide between 2019 and 2023:
The graph reveals that Harbin Institute of Technology in China is the global leader in this field, with over 1400 publications on electrolysis. This institute is renowned for its research in advanced materials, energy technologies, and environmental engineering.
The third most influential institute in the field of electrolysis is Forschungszentrum Jülich. This research center is one of the largest interdisciplinary research centers in Europe.
3. GPT4 : Les acteurs influents du domaine scientifique de l'électrolyse
GPT-4: Influential Figures in the Scientific Field of Electrolysis / In this analysis, we queried ChatGPT-4 on how it could provide us with the following information. Subsequently, we asked it to follow the same process to provide information on the electrolysis ecosystem. Here are the results:
Prompt: “Identify influential figures in the field of electrolysis between 2013 and 2023 using criteria such as the number of publications, impact factor, number of citations, h-index, etc., to find the most influential researchers, institutions, and countries.”
Electrolysis is a method that enables chemical reactions through electrical activation. It has numerous industrial applications, including the production of aluminum, chlorine, hydrogen, and hydrogen peroxide.
To identify influential figures in the field of electrolysis between 2013 and 2023, I used the following criteria:
- The number of publications in journals indexed by Scopus or Web of Science.
- The impact factor of journals, measuring the average frequency of citation for articles published in a given journal.
- The number of citations for publications, reflecting the impact and visibility of authors’ work.
- The h-index, a measure combining the quantity and quality of an author’s publications. It corresponds to the maximum number of an author’s publications that have been cited at least h times each.
Michael Grätzel: Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. He is a pioneer in dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells, utilizing electrolysis to convert solar energy into electricity. He has published 1,038 articles between 2013 and 2023, with an average impact factor of 15.6, a total citation count of 191,342, and an h-index of 224. (It is understood that Michael Grätzel has published impactful studies in the field of solar cells, but the 1,038 publications from 2014 to 2023 are not primarily focused on electrolysis. This positions Michael Grätzel as an impactful figure in the solar cells domain but not as the top influencer in electrolysis.)
Jens Nørskov: Professor at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). He is an expert in heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis, key areas for water electrolysis and solar fuel production. He has published 512 articles between 2013 and 2023, with an average impact factor of 13.4, a total citation count of 68,456, and an h-index of 137.
Xiaobo Chen: Professor at the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) in the United States. Specializing in the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials for water electrolysis, photocatalysis, and batteries, he has published 386 articles between 2013 and 2023, with an average impact factor of 12.7, a total citation count of 51,732, and an h-index of 115.
While these three scientific authors have indeed published on topics related to or closely associated with electrolysis, it is crucial to note that they do not specifically focus on this subject. Upon closer inspection, you will not find any articles addressing electrolysis published by these authors.
- China: The global leader in aluminum production through electrolysis, with a capacity of 36 million tons in 2023. China is also a significant player in research and development in water electrolysis, with ambitious projects aiming to produce green hydrogen on a large scale. It has published 23,456 articles between 2013 and 2023, with an average impact factor of 11.2, a total citation count of 456,321, and an h-index of 876.
- United States: Home to many technological innovations in electrolysis, including dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, nanomaterials, and batteries. The U.S. is also the world’s leading consumer of hydrogen, with a demand of 10 million tons in 2023. It has published 18,765 articles between 2013 and 2023, with an average impact factor of 12.4, a total citation count of 398,765, and an h-index of 823.
- Germany: A pioneer in the transition to renewable energy, with a goal of 80% green electricity by 2050. Germany is also a leader in research and industry in water electrolysis, with projects aiming to integrate hydrogen into electrical grids, transportation, and the chemical industry. It has published 15,432 articles between 2013 and 2023, with an average impact factor of 13.6, a total citation count of 354,321, and an h-index of 789.
It’s noteworthy that ChatGPT may have confused electrolysis with hydrogen as a branch of study, as it lacks precise data on electrolysis. ChatGPT-4 seems to have focused on a related term to justify its results.
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC) in Germany: An interdisciplinary research center dedicated to the study of chemical energy conversion processes, including water electrolysis, artificial photosynthesis, and renewable fuel production. It has published 1,456 articles between 2013 and 2023, with an average impact factor of 14.2, a total citation count of 98,764, and an h-index of 156.
- National Institute of Scientific Research (INRS) in Canada: A university institution devoted to fundamental and applied research in the fields of energy, materials, and telecommunications. It has published 1,234 articles between 2013 and 2023, with an average impact factor of 13.8, a total citation count of 87,432, and an h-index of 143.
- Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) in the Netherlands: A polytechnic university known for innovative research in the fields of energy, environment, and sustainability. It has published 1,098 articles between 2013 and 2023, with an average impact factor of 13.1, a total citation count of 76,321, and an h-index of 132.
It’s evident that GPT-4 analyzes scientific data without explicitly including electrolysis in the data. The annual number of publications by universities focusing on topics related to electrolysis is known, but this publication count does not necessarily align with publications specifically addressing the subject of electrolysis.
4. Conclusion Interprétation des résultats
GPT-4 is not trained on scientific data but rather on general data, limiting ChatGPT’s ability to interpret scientific data comprehensively. One can liken the use of ChatGPT to asking a person with general knowledge in science to delve into a specific topic requiring expertise. The results will be generic, even if they are based on the given subject.
On the other hand, Opscidia relies primarily on scientific literature, utilizing data crafted by scientists to address their specific needs. Thus, on any specific and concrete topic, Opscidia can provide expert answers by justifying its results with clear and sourced data presented in precise, clear, and evolving deliverables over time.